Generally, you should keep such files (and workers' compensation files) for five years after the termination of employment (or the resolution of any disputes or claims with the employee). However, you should be aware that some records including those relating to chemical and toxic substance exposure and medical examinations required by law) must be kept longer, some for as long as 30 years.
OSHA's General Industry Stanards "1910.20 (d) Preservation of records" say to keep medical records for at least 30 years, with only a few exceptions to that.
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